Laboratory confirmation of infection in the absence of recent (i.e., in the previous 28 days) immunization with rubella-containing vaccine:
- Isolation of rubella virus from an appropriate clinical specimen OR
- Detection of rubella virus RNA OR
- Significant (e.g. fourfold or greater) rise in serum rubella IgG antibody titre between acute and convalescent sera OR
- Detection of rubella IgM antibody using a recommended assay in a person with an epidemiologic link to a laboratory-confirmed case or who had recently travelled to an area of known rubella activity
OR
Clinical illness in a person who is epidemiologically linked to a laboratory confirmed case
Clinical illness:
- In the absence of appropriate laboratory tests,
- In the absence of an epidemiologic link to a laboratory-confirmed case
- In a person who has recently travelled to an area of known rubella activity
Clinical illness is characterized by fever and rash, and at least one of the following:
- arthralgia/arthritis
- lymphadenopathy
- conjunctivitis
