Confirmed Case

Lab confirmation with clinical illness: Isolation of Leptospira sp in an appropriate specimen

OR

A significant (e.g. fourfold or greater increase) in leptospira agglutination titre by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using acute and convalescent sera taken at least 10 days apart

Definition of clinical illness

Clinical features include fever, headache, chills, muscle aches, vomiting, jaundice, anemia, and sometimes a rash. The incubation period usually is 7 days, with a range of 2-29 days. If not treated, the patient could develop kidney damage, meningitis, liver failure, and respiratory distress. In rare cases, death occurs.